• Optics Letters
• Vol. 41,
• Issue 11,
• pp. 2501-2504
• (2016)
• •https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.41.002501

• Slot Waveguide Modulator
• Waveguide Antenna

We design Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and microring modulators based on the GoS suspended vertical slot waveguide. Our calculations show that the modulators can be energy-efficient and footprint-compact due to the large phase shift of the propagating mode in the waveguide after applying a gate voltage on the graphene. An optimal design of a slot waveguide is presented for realizing an ultrafast optical modulator based on a 220 nm silicon wafer technology. The recipe is to maximize the confinement and interaction between optical power supported by the waveguide and electric field applied through metallic electrodes.

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  Abhijeet Phatak, Zhenzhou Cheng, Changyuan Qin, and Keisuke Goda, 'Design of electro-optic modulators based on graphene-on-silicon slot waveguides,' Opt. Lett. 41, 2501-2504 (2016)

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Abstract

We present a graphene-on-silicon (GoS) suspended vertical slot waveguide. By changing the Fermi level of graphene, the variation in the effective refractive index (RI) of the waveguide is a factor of two larger than that in the traditional GoS rib waveguide. The improvement is due to the light-intensity enhancement and the poor confinement of the optical mode in the slot nanostructure. We design Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and microring modulators based on the GoS suspended vertical slot waveguide. Our calculations show that the modulators can be energy-efficient and footprint-compact due to the large phase shift of the propagating mode in the waveguide after applying a gate voltage on the graphene. Fabrication of our design is easy and CMOS-compatible. It paves the way for chip-integrated electronic-RI modulators.

© 2016 Optical Society of America

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Nonlinear polymer-clad silicon slot waveguide modulator with a half wave voltage of 0.25 V

Abstract

We report on an electro-optic modulator fabricated from a silicon slot waveguide and clad in a nonlinear polymer. In this geometry, the electrodes form parts of the waveguide, and the modulator driving voltage drops across a 120nm slot. As a result, a half wave voltage of 0.25V is achieved near 1550nm. This is one of the lowest values for any modulator obtained to date. As the nonlinear polymers are extremely resistive, our device also has the advantage of drawing almost no current, suggesting this type of modulator could operate at exceedingly low power.

Slot Waveguide Modulator

Publication:

Pub Date:

April 2008

DOI:

10.1063/1.2909656

Bibcode:

2008ApPhL..92p3303B

Waveguide Antenna

Keywords:

• 42.65.Wi;
• 42.70.Jk;
• 42.79.Hp;
• 42.82.Et;
• Nonlinear waveguides;
• Polymers and organics;
• Optical processors correlators and modulators;
• Waveguides couplers and arrays